Top of graphic says, "The Southern Manifesto". Below is a picture of white protestors with picket signs. Next to the picture are the following words, "In 1956, the House Rules Committee chairman, Howard Smith, announced the Southern Manifesto. Brought forth as an act of defiance, the Manifesto challenged Brown v. Board of Education with the hope of maintaining Jim Crow segregation. "

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On March 12, 1956, the House Rules Committee chairman, Howard Smith, announced the Southern Manifesto in a speech on the House Floor. The document’s formal name was the “Declaration of Constitutional Principles, ” Seventy-seven representatives signed it, and 19 Senators, totaling approximately one-fifth of the membership of Congress, and all from Confederate states. Brought forth as an act of defiance, the Manifesto challenged the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision, which outlawed separate school facilities for black and white students.

Continue reading “The Southern Manifesto: Attempt By Southern Politicians To Maintain Jim Crow Segregation” →